EDB*Wrap v14
The EDB*Wrap utility protects proprietary source code and programs like functions, stored procedures, triggers, and packages from unauthorized scrutiny. The EDB*Wrap program translates a plaintext file that contains SPL or PL/pgSQL source code into a file that contains the same code in a form that's nearly impossible to read. Once you have the obfuscated form of the code, you can send that code to the PostgreSQL server, and the server stores those programs in obfuscated form. While EDB*Wrap does obscure code, table definitions are still exposed.
Everything you wrap is stored in obfuscated form. If you wrap an entire package, the package body source, as well as the prototypes contained in the package header and the functions and procedures contained in the package body, are stored in obfuscated form.
If you wrap a CREATE PACKAGE statement, you hide the package API from other developers. You might want to wrap the package body but not the package header so users can see the package prototypes and other public variables that are defined in the package body. To allow users to see the prototypes the package contains, use EDBWrap to obfuscate only the CREATE PACKAGE BODY statement in the edbwrap input file, omitting the CREATE PACKAGE statement. The package header source is stored as plaintext, while the package body source and package functions and procedures are obfuscated.
You can't unwrap or debug wrapped source code and programs. Reverse engineering is possible but very difficult.
The entire source file is wrapped into one unit. Any psql meta-commands included in the wrapped file aren't recognized when the file is executed. Executing an obfuscated file that contains a psql meta-command causes a syntax error. edbwrap doesn't validate SQL source code. If the plaintext form contains a syntax error, edbwrap doesn't report it. Instead, the server reports an error and aborts the entire file when you try to execute the obfuscated form.
Using EDB*Wrap to obfuscate source code
EDB*Wrap is a command line utility that accepts a single input source file, obfuscates the contents, and returns a single output file. When you invoke the edbwrap utility, you must provide the name of the file that contains the source code to obfuscate. You can also specify the name of the file where edbwrap writes the obfuscated form of the code.
edbwrap offers three different command-line styles. The first style is compatible with Oracle's wrap utility:
edbwrap iname=<input_file> [oname=<output_file>]
The iname=input_file argument specifies the name of the input file. If input_file doesn't contain an extension, edbwrap searches for a file named input_file.sql.
The optional oname=output_file argument specifies the name of the output file. If output_file doesn't contain an extension, edbwrap appends .plb to the name.
If you don't specify an output file name, edbwrap writes to a file whose name is derived from the input file name. edbwrap strips the suffix (typically .sql) from the input file name and adds .plb.
edbwrap offers two other command-line styles:
edbwrap --iname <input_file> [--oname <output_file>] edbwrap -i <input_file> [-o <output_file>]
You can mix command-line styles. The rules for deriving input and output file names are the same regardless of the style you use.
Once edbwrap produces a file that contains obfuscated code, you typically feed that file into the PostgreSQL server using a client application such as edb-psql. The server executes the obfuscated code line by line and stores the source code for SPL and PL/pgSQL programs in wrapped form.
In summary, to obfuscate code with EDB*Wrap, you:
- Create the source code file.
- Invoke EDB*Wrap to obfuscate the code.
- Import the file as if it were in plaintext form.
The following sequence shows how to use edbwrap.
Create the source code for the list_emp procedure in plaintext form:
[bash] cat listemp.sql
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE list_emp
IS
v_empno NUMBER(4);
v_ename VARCHAR2(10);
CURSOR emp_cur IS
SELECT empno, ename FROM emp ORDER BY empno;
BEGIN
OPEN emp_cur;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('EMPNO ENAME');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('----- -------');
LOOP
FETCH emp_cur INTO v_empno, v_ename;
EXIT WHEN emp_cur%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_empno || ' ' || v_ename);
END LOOP;
CLOSE emp_cur;
END;
/ Import the list_emp procedure with a client application such as edb-psql:
[bash] edb-psql edb
Welcome to edb-psql 8.4.3.2, the EnterpriseDB interactive terminal.
Type: \copyright for distribution terms
\h for help with SQL commands
\? for help with edb-psql commands
\g or terminate with semicolon to execute query
\q to quit
edb=# \i listemp.sql
CREATE PROCEDUREView the plaintext source code stored in the server by examining the pg_proc system table:
edb=# SELECT prosrc FROM pg_proc WHERE proname = 'list_emp';
prosrc
--------------------------------------------------------------
v_empno NUMBER(4);
v_ename VARCHAR2(10);
CURSOR emp_cur IS
SELECT empno, ename FROM emp ORDER BY empno;
BEGIN
OPEN emp_cur;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('EMPNO ENAME');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('----- -------');
LOOP
FETCH emp_cur INTO v_empno, v_ename;
EXIT WHEN emp_cur%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_empno || ' ' || v_ename);
END LOOP;
CLOSE emp_cur;
END
(1 row)
edb=# quitOfuscate the plaintext file with EDB*Wrap:
[bash] edbwrap -i listemp.sql EDB*Wrap Utility: Release 8.4.3.2 Copyright (c) 2004-2021 EnterpriseDB Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Using encoding UTF8 for input Processing listemp.sql to listemp.plb Examining the contents of the output file (listemp.plb) file reveals that the code is obfuscated: [bash] cat listemp.plb $__EDBwrapped__$ UTF8 d+6DL30RVaGjYMIzkuoSzAQgtBw7MhYFuAFkBsfYfhdJ0rjwBv+bHr1FCyH6j9SgH movU+bYI+jR+hR2jbzq3sovHKEyZIp9y3/GckbQgualRhIlGpyWfE0dltDUpkYRLN /OUXmk0/P4H6EI98sAHevGDhOWI+58DjJ44qhZ+l5NNEVxbWDztpb/s5sdx4660qQ Ozx3/gh8VkqS2JbcxYMpjmrwVr6fAXfb68Ml9mW2Hl7fNtxcb5kjSzXvfWR2XYzJf KFNrEhbL1DTVlSEC5wE6lGlwhYvXOf22m1R2IFns0MtF9fwcnBWAs1YqjR00j6+fc er/f/efAFh4= $__EDBwrapped__$
The second line of the wrapped file contains an encoding name. In this case, the encoding is UTF8. When you obfuscate a file, edbwrap infers the encoding of the input file by examining the locale. For example, if you're running edbwrap while your locale is set to en_US.utf8, edbwrap assumes that the input file is encoded in UTF8. Be sure to examine the output file after running edbwrap. If the locale contained in the wrapped file doesn't match the encoding of the input file, change your locale and rewrap the input file.
You can import the obfuscated code to the PostgreSQL server using the same tools that work with plaintext code:
[bash] edb-psql edb
Welcome to edb-psql 8.4.3.2, the EnterpriseDB interactive terminal.
Type: \copyright for distribution terms
\h for help with SQL commands
\? for help with edb-psql commands
\g or terminate with semicolon to execute query
\q to quit
edb=# \i listemp.plb
CREATE PROCEDUREThe pg_proc system table contains the obfuscated code:
edb=# SELECT prosrc FROM pg_proc WHERE proname = 'list_emp';
prosrc
----------------------------------------------------------------
$__EDBwrapped__$
UTF8
dw4B9Tz69J3WOsy0GgYJQa+G2sLZ3IOyxS8pDyuOTFuiYe/EXiEatwwG3h3tdJk
ea+AIp35dS/4idbN8wpegM3s994dQ3R97NgNHfvTQnO2vtd4wQtsQ/Zc4v4Lhfj
nlV+A4UpHI5oQEnXeAch2LcRD87hkU0uo1ESeQV8IrXaj9BsZr+ueROnwhGs/Ec
pva/tRV4m9RusFn0wyr38u4Z8w4dfnPW184Y3o6It4b3aH07WxTkWrMLmOZW1jJ
Nu6u4o+ezO64G9QKPazgehslv4JB9NQnuocActfDSPMY7R7anmgw
$__EDBwrapped__$
(1 row)Invoke the obfuscated code in the same way that you invoke the plaintext form:
edb=# exec list_emp; EMPNO ENAME ----- ------- 7369 SMITH 7499 ALLEN 7521 WARD 7566 JONES 7654 MARTIN 7698 BLAKE 7782 CLARK 7788 SCOTT 7839 KING 7844 TURNER 7876 ADAMS 7900 JAMES 7902 FORD 7934 MILLER EDB-SPL Procedure successfully completed edb=# quit
When you use pg_dump to back up a database, wrapped programs remain obfuscated in the archive file.
Be aware that audit logs produced by the Postgres server show wrapped programs in plaintext form. Source code is also displayed in plaintext in SQL error messages generated when the program executes.
Note
The bodies of the objects created by the following statements aren't stored in obfuscated form:
CREATE [OR REPLACE] TYPE type_name AS OBJECT CREATE [OR REPLACE] TYPE type_name UNDER type_name CREATE [OR REPLACE] TYPE BODY type_name
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- Using EDB*Wrap to obfuscate source code